第九十二章 画 展（2 / 2）

接着就是介绍从中世纪到现代的西方绘画简史，在介绍里：“中世纪从公元5世纪到15世纪，画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。艺术家们并没有把兴趣放在呈现人和自然的真实面貌上，而是着力体现对未知的理解，因此，这段时期的绘画充满了宗教风。到了13 世纪，情况发生了变化，像乔托这样的画家就以比较现实的风格来描绘宗教场景了。”

“The middle Ages is from 5th to the 15th century AD. During the Middle Age ， the main aim of painters was to represent religions themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religions symbols， which it reflects the understanding of the unknown ，so the painting of this time is full of the religions style.But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painter like Giotto began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way .”

“在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的那一套，人们开始更关心人而不是宗教。画家们回到罗马、希腊的艺术理论上。他们尽心地画出人和自然的真实面貌。富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收藏艺术品，他们高价聘请艺术家来为他们画画，画他们的房屋、活动、还有成就。”

“During the Renaissance ， new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religions themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings ，so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid artists to paint pictures of themselves， their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.”

“在这个阶段，最重要的发现之一是如何使用透视法来画出事物的形象。在1428年，马萨乔成为第一个在绘画中使用透视方法的人，当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小孔，来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果，没有透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画，在文艺复兴时期，油画也得到了发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。”

“One of the most important discoveries during was how to draw thing in perspective. This technique was first used by Massacho in 1428. When people first saw his paintings ， they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene . If the roles of perspective had not been discovered， no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.

Without the new paints and the new technique， we would not able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. During the Renaissance ，the oil paints were also developed ，which made the colour looks richer and deeper .”

“印象派后期从19世纪后期到20世纪后期，这段时期欧洲发生了很大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入城市，有着许多的新发明，还伴随着许多的社会变革。这些变革也自然而然在导致了绘画风格上的变化。那些打破传统画法的人是在巴黎生活和工作的印象派画家。”

“In the late 19th ceentury， Europe changed a great deal. From a mostly agriculture society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally ，these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of paintings were the impressionists， who lived and worked in Paris.”